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| Max Cavalera • Natalie Morales • Camilla Belle Maiara Walsh • Jordana Brewster • Robert Rey |
| Total population |
|---|
| Brazilian Americans 351,914[1] 0.12% of the US population in 2008 |
| Regions with significant populations |
| Massachusetts, Atlanta area, Florida (South Florida, Central Florida, Florida Keys), Los Angeles area, San Francisco area, NYC area (New York City), New Jersey (Northern New Jersey, Newark) |
| Languages |
| Religion |
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Christianity (mainly nominal numbers of Roman Catholicism, some Protestantism, mostly Evangelical and Pentecostal), but also Irreligion (Materialistic/Nontheistic or not, Atheism, Agnosticism, Secular Humanism, Freethought, Deism and so on), Spiritism, Afro-Brazilian Religions, Buddhism and Japanese New Religions |
| Related ethnic groups |
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Brazilians, Brazilian diaspora, Brazilian Australian, Portuguese Americans, Hispanic and Latino Americans, Hispanic Americans |
Brazilian Americans are Americans of Brazilian origin. There were an estimated 351,914 Brazilian Americans as of 2008, according to the United States Census Bureau.[1] Another source gives an estimate of some 800,000 Brazilians living in the U.S. in 2000,[2] while still another estimates that as of 2008[update] some 1,100,000 Brazilians live in the United States, 300,000 of them in Florida.[3]
The official United States Census category of Hispanic or Latino is limited explicitly to people of "Spanish culture or origin", and therefore does not include Brazilian Americans.[4][5][6]
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The first brazilian who emigrated to the United States recorded came from the 60's of XX century. Until then, the brazilian will be included in a group formed by all South American groups, so were not counted separately. Of the 234.761 people of South America that arrived to United States between 1820 and 1960, at least, some of them were Brazilian, already that in 1960 U.S. Census Bureau report, counted 27,885 Americans of Brazilian ancestry. From 1960 until the mid-1980s arrive to United States between 1,500 and 2,300 inmigrants Brazilians each year. The most of them from southern and south-central Brazil. They, belonged from the middle- and upper-middle-classes and, like that the most population of this place, the majority of these immigrants were of European descent. Since the mid-1980s, the poverty in Brazil quickly increased and the form very high. Thus, between the years 1986 and 1990, 1.4 million Brazilians emigrate of form permanently. In this period many Brazilians emigrated to the United States, Japan and some countries in South America and Europe. It was not until the 80's when Brazilian emigration reached significant levels. Thus, between 1987 and 1991, estimated that 20,800 Brazilians arrived to United States. A significant number of them - 8.133 Brazilians - arrived in 1991. The 1990 U.S. Census Bureau recorded that there are about 60,000 Brazilians living in the United States. However, this number not is very reliable because Brazilian Americans were counted in the census only when them claimed that were Brazilians in the "Other Hispanic" category—Brazilians are not Hispanic—therefore, already in these years, the number of Brazilians living in the United States must be much higher than that. In fact other sources indicate that there are near 100,000 Brazilians living in the New York area alone. In addition, there are sizable Brazilian communities in Atlanta, Boston, Washington, D.C., Los Angeles, Miami, and Phoenix. [7]
Most Brazilians who have emigrated to the United States, at least from the 60 to 2000, are from southern and south-central Brazil and belonged from the middle- and upper-middle-classes. Also, like the most of the people of this part of country, they are of European descent. However, also there some Brazilian American groups that are of African and Asians (mostly Japanese) descent. Many of the Brazilians who have emigrated to the United States since the 80's have been illegal. The majority of Brazilians who migrate illegally to the United States enter the country on a tourist visa and then stay here permanently. In addition, they usually work in offices little renumbered. Many of them, arrived with fake passports and/or green cards, the whom assist those wishing live to United States. Some Brazilians enter the United States on their own via the Mexican border. According Margolis the number of Brazilians living illegally in the United States could have come in 2000 to 350,000.[7]
Many Brazilian immigrants to the United States are university and well renumbered them have jobs in their country. However, these immigrants fail to get well-qualified jobs in the U.S. and have to settle for lower-status jobs, as the United States without degrees different from Brazilian and immigrants, mostly do not speak English. The most of the second-and third-generation of Brazilian American have more renumbered jobs, already they have been educated in the United States, speak well the English and have legal permanent resident status.[7]
Although the vast majority—nearly 90 percent—of Brazilian Americans are Roman Catholic, there also small groups of others religious. Thus, there in United States, groups fundamentalist Protestant and spiritualists. The latter is a group whose beliefs are based on communication with the spirits of the dead: in this sense there are at least two groups of Spiritualists of Brazilian origin in United States: Umbanda (mixture of Spiritism, Catholicism, and African-Brazilian beliefs and rituals) and the Candomblé (an African-Brazilian religion from the Bahia, Brazil). [7]
The top 25 U.S. communities with the highest percentages of people claiming Brazilian ancestry are:[10]
Top 25 U.S. communities with the most residents born in Brazil are:[11]
In the presidential elections in Brazil in 1989, many Brazilian Americans voted in that election, through the Brazilian consulate. The Brazilians Americans are divided between the major political parties in Brazil. However, few Brazilian Americans eligible that voted in the Brazilian consulate. As even the majority of illegal Brazilian immigrants in the United States vote in elections in their country because they fear being reported to immigration authorities.[7]
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